A suggestion for further research on the origins of Peter Mallory of New Haven

This is not based on research, merely a suggestion for further research originally made by S. V. Mallory Smith, a scholar for whom I have the highest respect and whom I once had the privilege of meeting together with her husband at their home in Cambridge. On page 101 in her book, A History of the Mallory Family, she suggests that Peter might have been the son of a certain John Mallory, the putative, posthumous, son of Sir Chistopher Mallory of Studley Royal who passed away in 1555 by Mary, the daughter of Sir Christopher Danby and Elizabeth, the daughter of Lord Latimer. This John Mallory was said to have been dispossessed by his father's brother, William Mallory, though an attempt was made in 1578 to recover a third part of Sir Christopher Mallory's property.
My suggestion is that it might be worthwhile to go over these cases quite carefully. One might find that the Mallory of John Mallory was actually a legal fiction and that genetically speaking he might not have been of the same male-line Mallorys as other bearers of that name. It would appear, however, that chronologically speaking, if there is a connection between Peter Mallory of New Haven and John Mallory, it would have been that of a grandson rather than of a son, which could still account for the very different y-chromosome profiles of Peter Mallory of New Haven Mallory men (and their English counterparts) and other Mallory lineages.

When I met S. V. Mallory Smith some seven or eight years ago when I was on Sabbatical in England, she assured me at length that Peter Mallory of New Haven's ancestry represented at that time a genealogical black hole for which no genealogically acceptable answers had so far been forthcoming. She also assured me that this was of interest to her, as she herself had her origins in the same genealogical line as Peter Mallory of New Haven. She also expressed disappointment at people appropriating her work verbatim as their own and for others who have passed themselves off as her. 
Though this is not a research I intend to get involved in, it is nevertheless something worth pursuing, if for no other reason than out of respect for a great lady and impeccable scholar.

First hypothesis regarding Mallory Anglo-Saxon pre-history

This is a much simplified abstract of ongoing research on the possible Anglo-Saxon antecedents of the presumed second wife of Robert Mallory, the presumed first Mallory lord of Kirkby Mallory. There is no way to reconstruct the name of this woman, but one can assume that she was the heiress of a small enclave inside Welton in Northamptonshire held directly of the king and that, passing away no later than the early 1140s, this land, and perhaps other property, was inherited by her son and possessed by him while her husband was still alive. As a working hypothesis, one can now assume that she was the daughter (or, less likely, a sister) of a Richard who was the son of a certain Ralph and a woman who would have been the daughter of Vlmar (Woolmer), a minor English aristocrat, who held the small, approximately, 20-acre enclave in Welton, not only in 1086 at the time of the Domesday Book but also in 1066 at the time of the Norman Conquest. Domesday Book data would indicate close relations with the important native English Arden family. (The family name is used here for convenience only. It came into actual use much later.) This family was one of the extremely few native English families to have actually benefited in terms of increased lands, power, and prestige, as a result of the Norman Conquest. Because of the close connection that is indicated between Vlmar and those most closely associated with him with Arden family related land transfers, a family relationship is indicated and, as a working hypothesis, it will be assumed that Vlmar was possibly nephew by marriage, of the two powerful Arden brothers Aluuin (Alwin, a sheriff of Warwickshire for William I and the direct male-line ancestor of William Shakespeare's mother) and Leuuin (Lewin, Bishop of Litchfield at the time of the Norman Conquest and later abbot of Coventry, Warwickshire's most important town at the time of the Conquest).

The actual argument is, of course, quite complicated, being based on an analysis of many pages of data taken from the Domesday Book and analyzed for underlying patterns. This research is, of course, not new, being based on that of previous scholars. However, it is quite a bit more focused and, as such, goes deeper, covering more comprehensively a smaller number of individuals than previous research was able to do. It is to be hoped this will take shape in a book form sooner rather than later.

Theoretical Genealogy and the Earliest Mallorys

I recently had a chance to read three books in French by the famous genealogist, Christian Settipani, a gentleman whose research is impeccable and whose writing style is everything that academic writing should be. This has prompted me to review my material on the earliest Mallorys from the viewpoint of onomastics (the study of names and how their are inherited), canon law (church law) with regard to prohibited degrees of marriage, and medieval English common law real estate inheritance systems. I am planning to incorporate this into the book I have been working on now for almost two years. Basically, I will argue that the first Robert Mallory of Kirkby Mallory is likely to have had two sons by a first wife and two by a second, that his oldest was possibly a Geoffrey named after his father and who inherited, through his father, his grandfather's possessions. I will argue that the Laurence Mallory found in the Pipe Rolls was probably the son of this hypothetical Geoffrey. I will also argue that this line of Mallorys daughtered out with Laurence's generation and that one of the daughters (possibly a Cecilia) to whom the manor of Botley devolved would have been married to a man who may have been a William and who had a son would have been a John. This couple would have also had at least one daughter who was a second or third wife of Gilbert Segrave and the mother of Cecilia Segrave, probably a second wife of the second Richard Mallory of Kirkby Mallory and certainly the first and only wife of Gilbert Mallory of Walton on the Wold. I will argue that it would have been through Cecilia Segrave that the originally Mallory property of Botley became a Mallory property once again around 1225.

I will argue that the first Robert Mallory's second son was Anketil Mallory. I have already outlined his career in considerable detail in a book I published in 2013. Anketil was basically a self-made man. His first son Robert, it will be argued, must have married an heiress of sorts and had at least one son Anketil before this line either daughtered out or became extinct. Anketil's second son, Henry, used his service to king John to recover properties of his father which had been alienated to the crown during an unsuccessful revolution during the reign of king Henry II. Gilbert would have been a son of Henry Mallory's by a second wife and was born rather late in his life. It is from Gilbert Mallory and Cecilia Segrave that the Mallorys of Walton on the Wold descend. Gilbert will be shown to have had a younger brother, Anketil, from whom the first line of Yorkshire Mallorys would have descended.

As for the Mallorys of Kirkby Mallory, it will be shown that they descend, as has previously been described, from what I now consider to be Robert Mallory's third son, Richard, and the first son by a wife who would have been a minor heiress in Northampton, being probably the daughter or the grand daughter of the daughter of an Anglo-Saxon land-holder by the name of Ulmar, about whom practically nothing is known. Richard would have inherited certain properties from his mother before the death of his father and would have been the inheritor of the properties given to his father by the earl of Leicester. Richard, himself, married another Northampton heiress. His son William had in turn a son named Richard. It will be argued that this second Richard married firstly a daughter of Thomas Despencer and, in this way, would have been a brother-in-law of Stephen Segrave. By his first wife he would have had two sons, Thomas, who inherited Kirkby Mallory, and Robert who became a priest. The second Richard's second wife would have been Stephen Segrave's younger half-sister Cecilia Segrave who would have been not more than two or three years older than her stepsons, Thomas and Robert, or her second husband Gilbert. It is from Thomas Mallory that the future Mallory's of Kirkby Mallory descend, something for which their is solid documentation.

It will be argued that the Ralph Mallory, the crusader, who is mentioned elsewhere in this blog as a possible son of the first Richard Mallory would be better considered as a second son of the first Robert Mallory of Kirkby Mallory by his second wife. This particular Ralph Mallory will probably have left no descendants.

This represents an attempt at theoretical genealogy which makes use of network theory to create genealogical frameworks that can be used as models for testing historically surviving data in a logical, rather than in a romantic, fashion. As such, it will probably be unsatisfactory to those who find comfort in dogmatic approaches and perhaps will be misused by those attempting to create new genealogical dogma. I hope there will be some who can accept what will appear for the purposes for which it was designed to bring forward discussion on. In any case, this delays furtherthe appearance of my already much delayed new book, but I think for a good purpose.

A Second Reconstruction of the Line of Descent of the the Mallorys of Papworth St Agnes and of Sir Richard Mallory, Lord Mayor of London

This is a new reworking of an earlier version, eliminating one generation, being that of Reginald Mallory whom I now see as a much older half-brother of the first Anketil Mallory and not as a father. The 14th century is the most confusing period of medieval Mallory family history in England. There is, in particular, much that deals with the ancestry of the Mallorys of Papworth St Agnes that, not being based on the full range of original records now available, has been mistakenly reported. It is, of course, unlikely that all questions will ever be answered with certainty, but it is, nevertheless, possible to propose new hypotheses to explain the historical data available that will be seen as an improvement over any preceding hypothesis, some of which have had currency as historical fact for at least 400 years. I am in the process of writing seven years of research up into a book form. The justification will be found in the said book when it comes out. It will, in outline, give the following reconstruction which, though not promising absolute certainty in every point, will be based on historical fact more fully than any reconstruction given so far, including those first attempts which were made by individuals connected with the College of Arms in the late 1500s. Please note that the spelling of names has been, in every instance, normalized to 21st century conventions.

1. Geoffrey Mallory (alive 1086), father of
2. Robert Mallory, father of
3. Anketil Mallory (b. ca. 1110), father, possibly by a second wife, of
4. Henry Mallory (b. ca. 1150 with an older brother Robert born much earlier), father, possibly by a second wife, of
5. Gilbert Mallory (b. ca. 1202, possibly the son of a second marriage), m. Cecilia Segrave, much younger sister (possibly, a half-sister) of Stephen Segrave, father of
6. John Mallory (b. ca. 1230), by an assumed first wife was the father of  Reginald (Reynald in French documents) Mallory (b. ca. 1255), m. (1) Joan and (2) Juliana, the second of whom was possibly a neice or cousin's daughter of Millicent de Monte Alto and who, at the time of her marriage to Reginald, was the widow of Roger la Zouche of Lubbesthorpe (with a fair degree of certainty the son of a William la Zouche of King's Nympton). My present belief is that the assumption that Reginald's step-daughter (a daughter of Juliana and Roger la Zouche of Lubbesthorpe) was the wife of his much younger half-brother, Anketil, the product of a second or third marriage.
7. Anketil (also known as Anthony) Mallory of Suthborough (b. ca. 1293), by a daughter of Juliana and Roger la Zouche, was probably not a father-in-law, as I previously thought possible, but rather the father of
8. John Mallory (b. ca. 1325), who is recorded to have outlived his son, Anketil (or Anketin/Anthony/Antoine, depending on the document). John's wife and the mother of his son was possibly a sister of William de Pappeworthe of Papworth St Agnes perhaps a woman by the name of Margaret. 
9.  Antoine (as his wife preferred to call him) and Alice de Driby (a rich heiress for whom Antoine was a third husband and a love match). Antoine (b. ca. 1247) and his wife Alice (most likely born around the same time as her third husband) were the parents of
10. William (b. sometime in the 1380s), who, by a family arrangement, inherited Papworth St Agnes from William de Pappeworthe. He became the second husband of Margaret (by her first marriage, a Corbet), very probably the daughter of John Burley and the sister of William Burley, a speaker of the House of Commons. She would seem to have been William's second wife. William and Margaret were the parents of 
11. Thomas Mallory (b. 1425, d. 1469), m. a niece of Thomas Palmer, a speaker of the House of Commons and also a possible brother-in-law by virtue of a first marriage to an older half-sister of Thomas Mallory. This Thomas Mallory is sometimes considered as a prime candidate for having been the author of Le Morte d'Arthur (The Death of King Arthur), though recent scholars tend to prefer Sir Thomas Mallory of Newbold Revel. He was the father of 
12. Anthony Mallory who by an earlier unnamed first or second wife was the father of 
13. Sir Richard Mallory, Lord Mayor of London in 1565. By his wife Anne, the daughter of Andrew Smith, he was the father of a numerous family and has numerous descendants alive today through the female line, though it would appear that his male line descendants died out by 1620 in his grandchildren's generation. His younger brother, Sir William Mallory, to whom Papworth St Agnes descended by virtue of a patent to Anthony Mallory given by King Henry VIII, would, on the other hand, appear to still have male line descendants.

An update of further evidence regarding the earliest Mallory lords of Botley

I am now in a position to reconsider the matter of  Gilbert Mallory (son of Henry, younger son of Anketil, the presumed son of Robert, presumed son of Geoffrey) being the Lord of Botley. He appears in connection with this manor twice, once in 1226 and another time in 1232, when he would have been approximately 25 and 31 years old, respectively. As this manor does not seem to have figured in among the properties his guardians managed in his minority or which were part of his son John's inheritance in that individual's minority during the 1240s, I feel the first presumption must be that the properties were Gilbert's in the right of his wife, Cecilia Segrave, rather than his own and this is born out by her assigning this manor on her own authority and without reference to her heir, John, to another son, William in the early 1280s when she, herself, would have been in her early eighties. There are various scenarios possible, but it is best, when knowledge is lacking, to work with the simplest scenario available. In this case, the simplest scenario is that Botley, unlike Tachebrook (which would seem to have been her widow's dower) was hers by right of inheritance. 
However, the first lord of Botley, as has been discussed elsewhere, was Geoffrey Mallory and the grant would appear to have been made in the reign of William I. Cecilia was, therefore, likely to have been distantly related to her husband Gilbert Mallory. For her marriage to have been allowed under church law, there had to be at least four generations back to a common ancestor for either herself or her husband. If Botley, indeed, were an inheritance of Cecilia, it would have had to have come to her through her mother, who would have already been dead by 1225. Cecilia's mother, in turn, would have been the daughter of a Mallory heiress and a grand daughter of a presumed eldest son (name unconfirmed, but possibly Geoffrey) of Robert Mallory, the presumed son of the first post-Norman Conquest Mallory lord of Botley, Geoffrey Mallory. 
There is much the argument concerning Botley's descent to Cecilia that will have to remain inferred and will depend heavily on what might be best termed "theoretical genealogy", where the prosopography, the law, and the social customs of an era are viewed in terms of what might be considered somewhat loosely as a form of network theory. This is a very different form of genealogy from what might be termed "absolute genealogy" where nothing appears which cannot be justified by verifiable data. The results of theoretical genealogy neither form part of the realm of fiction or myth. They are built on clearly stated hypotheses and, as logically conceived theoretical constructs, retain great meaning as a tool for eliminating impossibilities and for directing the course of future research. 
In this case, one would expect that, as a result of possessing a theoretically valid historical construct of the descent of Botley, we will also be in a far better position than before to understand the descent of other properties of the first Geoffrey Mallory in southwest England, something which has so far not been possible. When I will be able to turn my attention to this, however, will be something I cannot now predict. Possibly, if things go well, there might be a certain amount of time available this year in August or possibly next year in March. I can only hope that it will be sooner than later.

Preliminary findings regarding the ancestry of Sir Thomas Mallory of Newbold Revel

Newbold Revel was brought to the Mallory family by the marriage, probably in 1332, of a certain Stephen Mallory with the heiress of the Revel family. This line has already been tentatively established by the ground-breaking research of P.J.C. Field. An examination of the notes I took in 2007 during a year of intensive research at the Institute of Historical Research of the University of London, the British Library, and the National Archives at Kew have enabled to confirm this lineage with rather more certainty than has been possible to date and to confirm my dating of the likely birth years of the earliest Mallorys. Instead of merely being a likely hypothesis, the following line of descent may now be categorized as "unlikely not to have been the case". New evidence could change things, though the likelihood of dramatic change should now be considered rather small, indeed, with the least certainty being in the first two generations. 

The lineage may be summarized as: Geoffrey Mallory, born before 1060. Robert Mallory born circa 1085. Richard Mallory born circa 1110. Simon Mallory born circa 1135. Sedgwyn Mallory born circa 1160. Simon Mallory born circa 1185. Richard Mallory born circa 1210. Simon Mallory born circa 1235. Roger Mallory born circa 1260. Simon Mallory born circa 1285. Stephen Mallory born circa 1310 and probably married in 1332. 

It is not entirely certain as to how many generations there are between Stephen Mallory and Sir Thomas Mallory of Newbold Revel, the knight often considered by contemporary literary historians to be the writer of very famous "Le Morte d'Arthur" (the story of King Arthur), largely because there is still no truly convincing academic consensus as to the estimated year of his birth, though, if the Mallory generation average continued to have held true in the case of his lineage, one would expect him to be the fourth generation after the above-mentioned Stephen Mallory and born circa 1410. The best fit would be a lineage also put forth as a possibility by P.J.C. Field (though only as one possibility and without estimated dates of birth), being John born circa 1335, Nicholas born circa 1360, John born circa 1385, and Thomas born circa 1410. I cannot, however, present the lineage after Stephen with the same certainty as the lineage before, only suggest that this should represent a first line of research for those interested in these individuals. 

Again, though I have every intention of eventually producing a work about the above lineage of academically acceptable standards discussing the above in detail with a thorough examination of the sources, I am not yet in a position to do so and do not expect to be able to begin writing what would be a full-scale book until after this school year ends for me in March of next year. In the mean time, I hope the above might prove useful to those who might be interested in the problems involved in properly identifying this particular gentry lineage. 


Please note that I am writing primarily for the benefit of the non-expert and have, therefore, choses to normalize my spellings, as the medieval spellings of Mallory are numerous. A common spelling during the time of Sir Thomas of Newbold Revel was Malory, but there were many others as well, before, during, and after the life of that particular knight. For this reason, I have chosen to normalize according to the most common modern spelling which is Mallory. Likewise, "Le Morte d'Arthur" is a normalization to modern spelling conventions of "Le Morte Darthur".

The Lord Mayor of London Sir Richard Mallory's Papworth St Agnes ancestry now a certainty

I am running behind on my publishing schedule. I am responsible this year for an unusually large number of doctor's and master's level graduate students and it takes up too much time for me to get my own research materials into an academically acceptable format for publication. It will be perhapsseveral more years before I can get my next book on early medieval Mallory history published. In the mean time, I thought I should share a new discovery. It has been commonly asserted that Sir Richard Mallory, the Lord Mayor of the City of London for 1565 was the son of Anthony Mallory of Papworth St Agnes. Unfortunately, commonly asserted and being proven to an acceptable level of uncertainty are two different things. In search for other material, however, I have come across what, when combined with other sources, constitutes such proof. Sir Richard actually is the son of Anthony Mallory by either a first or second wife. It would seem he had an older brother, Henry, who may or may not have been a half brother. In any case, Sir Richard was at least nine years older than his younger half brother, Sir William Mallory who, by special permission of Henry VIII was designated as the eventual heir of Papworth St Agnes. Relations between the two brothers and between their children, however, appear to have remained cordial. Sir Richard's male line descendants appear to have died out by about 1620. His daughters, however, left numerous descendants. Of the two lines I am the most familiar with, the oldest, Julian, was the mother of a somewhat well known early 17th century individual called Lionel Sharpe. A younger daughter, Elizabeth, married William Cotton of Staffordshire, leaving numerous descendants in both England and America.

Sir Anthony was the son of Thomas Mallory (1425-1469) of Papworth St Agnes and of a Palmer woman who was a member of a locally important gentry family of that name in Northamptonshire and Rutland, providing important members of parliament from her immediate family group. Thomas Mallory was the son of Sir William Mallory and Margaret Burley, the sister of William Burley, the speaker of the House of Commons. Sir William was the second son of Sir Anketil (also known as Anketin and Antoine) Mallory and Alice de Driby. Anketil's father was John and his grandfather Roger according to county visitations of the College of Arms, although a detailed examination of contemporary evidence would indicate that, though Anketil's father would have been a John's father would have been an earlier Anketil and John's mother the daughter of Roger la Zouche of Lubbesthorpe. John's wife and the later Anketil's mother would have been a member of the Papworth family of Papworth St Agnes and probably a sister of the last Papworth lord, Sir William Papworth. The great-grandfather of Anketil Mallory is variously described as either Thomas or William, depending on the genealogy being cited. All genealogies point to Kirkby Mallory as a point of origin, though contemporary evidence would seem to point rather more strongly to Walton-on-the-Wold..

On the other hand, Alice de Driby's immediate ancestry is more clearly documentable. Her father was John de Driby, the son of Thomas de Driby, and her mother Amie, was the illegitimate daughter of Piers Gaveston, the Earl of Cornwall and also the lover of Edward II. Piers was murdered when Amie would have been quite young. Nevertheless, she, too, was able to make her fortune in royal service, in her case that of Philippa, the wife of Edward III. Though currently unprovable, Amie's mother might possibly have been an earlier Alice de Driby (and somewhat distant relation of the above-mentioned Thomas de Driby) who eventually became the heiress of the extensive de Driby family properties in Lincolnshire and through legitimate descent, the ancestress of the Lords Cromwell. A book on these individuals is planned for sometime in the future when I will not have as many graduate students to take care of. In the mean time, I hope this abstract of what I have uncovered will be found of use.